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Cadwaladr, Cadwallader, or Cadwalader ((ウェールズ語:Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon)) was king of Gwynedd from around 655 to 682. Two devastating plagues happened during his reign, one in 664 and the other in 682, with himself a victim of the second one. Little else is known of his reign. Though little is known about the historical Cadwaladr, he became a mythical redeemer figure in Welsh culture. He is a prominent character in the romantic stories of Geoffrey of Monmouth, where he is portrayed as the last in an ancient line to hold the title King of Britain. In Geoffrey's account, he does not die of plague. He renounces his throne in 688 to become a pilgrim, in response to a prophecy that his sacrifice of personal power will bring about a future victory of the Britons over the Anglo-Saxons. Geoffrey's story of Cadwaladr's prophecy and trip to Rome is believed to be an embellishment of the events in the life of Cædwalla of Wessex, whom Geoffrey wrongly conflated with Cadwaladr. Cædwalla renounced his throne and travelled Rome in 688. For later Welsh commentators, the myth "provided a messianic hope for the future deliverance of Britain from the dominion of the Saxons".〔 It was also used by both the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions during the Wars of the Roses to claim that their candidate would fulfil the prophecy by restoring the authentic lineage stemming from Cadwaladr. Y Ddraig Goch ((英語:The Red Dragon)) has long been known as a Welsh symbol, appearing in the ''Mabinogion'', the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the stories of Geoffrey of Monmouth. Since the accession of Henry VII to the English throne, it has often been referred to as "The Red Dragon of Cadwaladr". The association with Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon is a traditional one, without a firm historical provenance. ==Historical record== Cadwaladr was the son of a famous father, Cadwallon ap Cadfan, and the successor to King Cadafael. His name appears in the pedigrees of the Jesus College MS. 20〔 — he is in his descendant's pedigree, given as: ''... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ...'', and from there back to Cunedda.〕 (as "Kadwaladyr vendigeit", or "Cadwaladr the Blessed"). Cadwaladr appears to have suffered a major military defeat at the hands of the West Saxons at Pinhoe near Exeter in 658. He is said to have been of a "peaceful and pious" temperament and to have patronised many churches. The church of Llangadwaldr in Anglesey identifies him as its founder.〔John Cannon, ''The Oxford Companion to British History'', Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997, p.150.〕 Cadwaladr's name appears as 'Catgualart' in a section of the ''Historia Brittonum'', where it says he died of a dreadful mortality while he was king.〔, in Chapter 64.〕 The great plague of 664 is not noted in the ''Annales Cambriae'', but Bede's description〔, Book III, Chapter XXVII〕 makes clear its impact in both Britain and Ireland, where its occurrence is also noted in the ''Irish Annals''.〔 — year 664, "Mortalitas magna in Hiberniam pervenit"〕 The plague of 682 is not noted by Bede, but the ''Annales Cambriae'' note its occurrence in Britain and that Cadwaladr was one of its victims.〔, ''Annales Cambriae'', year 682, "Mortalitas magna fuit in brittannia. n qua catgualart filius catguolaum obiit."〕 Both the ''Annales Cambriae'' and the ''Irish Annals'' note the plague's impact in Ireland in 683,〔, ''Annales Cambriae'', year 683, "Mortalitas in hibernia."〕〔 — year 683, "Initium tertiae mortalitatis"〕 as do other sources. The genealogies in Jesus College MS. 20〔 — his pedigree is given as: ''... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ...'', and from there back to Cunedda.〕〔(Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20, Gwynedd 1 ).〕 and the Harleian genealogies〔, ''Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel'', in the ''Preface'' of ''Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales'' — his pedigree is given as: '' ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ...'', and from there back through Maelgwn Gwynedd to Cunedda and his ancestors.〕〔(Harleian genealogy 1: Gwynedd 1 )〕 give Cadwaladr as the son of Cadwallon and the father of Idwal Iwrch. Idwal, who fathered the later king Rhodri Molwynog, may have been his successor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cadwaladr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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